If there were still doubts about the criminal policy in Maoist China, in an environment steeped in communism is mandatory that you breathe at all levels of society, would be sufficient to fugarli Read " Wild Swans," Jung Chang's book written with the support of John Halliday .
The author narrates the life story that has accompanied the life of his maternal grandmother, della mamma, e di lei stessa, in un intreccio di esperienze condizionate dalle imposizioni dei regimi che nel frattempo imperversavano.
Cigni selvatici è stato scritto solo nel 1991 nonostante il fatto che Jung Chang sognasse di scrivere anche molto tempo prima.
Il fatto è che all’epoca in cui l’autrice viveva in Cina era impossibile scrivere libri e testi destinati alla pubblicazione.
Mao infatti, nel biennio 1966-67 aveva promosso la cosiddetta “Rivoluzione culturale”.
Per soddisfare le prerogative di questa nuova “invenzione” maoista, che si estese e si radicò poi in Cina per un decennio, furono dati alle fiamme quasi tutti i libri esistenti trovati in private homes, and was forbidden to write for themselves.
The ban even included the drafting of simple poems, considered an expression of belonging to the bourgeoisie, and identified the perpetrators of this serious crime as a follower of capitalism.
The story begins with the author's historical context dated to 1924, when his grandmother, Yu-Fang, age 15, became the concubine of a powerful " Lord of War" in ground Manchuria, one of the many regions of China.
The union was combined according to the custom of the time, and that is an agreement between the family and the future "husband", without taking account of desires of the woman, who at that time had no voice.
What mattered most to the two parties were on the one hand, the project will marry the daughter of a marriage by the cheapest possible, or to give it some character as a concubine to a powerful and rich, and the other to get a wife or a concubine as possible that would meet the standards of beauty and tradition corresponding to those in vogue at the moment.
Among other parameters which were based on the man's choice and approval of his immediate family, required for the bride that she had resorted to "bandage the feet".
This practice was applied since younger age groups to contain the size of the feet by limit 8 or 10 cm. in length.
The author narrates the life story that has accompanied the life of his maternal grandmother, della mamma, e di lei stessa, in un intreccio di esperienze condizionate dalle imposizioni dei regimi che nel frattempo imperversavano.
Cigni selvatici è stato scritto solo nel 1991 nonostante il fatto che Jung Chang sognasse di scrivere anche molto tempo prima.
Il fatto è che all’epoca in cui l’autrice viveva in Cina era impossibile scrivere libri e testi destinati alla pubblicazione.
Mao infatti, nel biennio 1966-67 aveva promosso la cosiddetta “Rivoluzione culturale”.
Per soddisfare le prerogative di questa nuova “invenzione” maoista, che si estese e si radicò poi in Cina per un decennio, furono dati alle fiamme quasi tutti i libri esistenti trovati in private homes, and was forbidden to write for themselves.
The ban even included the drafting of simple poems, considered an expression of belonging to the bourgeoisie, and identified the perpetrators of this serious crime as a follower of capitalism.
The story begins with the author's historical context dated to 1924, when his grandmother, Yu-Fang, age 15, became the concubine of a powerful " Lord of War" in ground Manchuria, one of the many regions of China.
The union was combined according to the custom of the time, and that is an agreement between the family and the future "husband", without taking account of desires of the woman, who at that time had no voice.
What mattered most to the two parties were on the one hand, the project will marry the daughter of a marriage by the cheapest possible, or to give it some character as a concubine to a powerful and rich, and the other to get a wife or a concubine as possible that would meet the standards of beauty and tradition corresponding to those in vogue at the moment.
Among other parameters which were based on the man's choice and approval of his immediate family, required for the bride that she had resorted to "bandage the feet".
This practice was applied since younger age groups to contain the size of the feet by limit 8 or 10 cm. in length.
To achieve this, it was necessary for the woman's feet were bandaged from the age of two years.
The practice consisted in the winding around a foot long piece of cloth a few feet, bending all the fingers down (except the big toe) and under the sole of the foot.
Then it was necessary to crush the arch of the foot by a large stone.
The unfortunate women usually fainted and screamed for the excruciating pain they felt during this inhumane treatment, which lasted for several years, even after the bones had been broken.
The feet also had to be wrapped day and night to prevent freed, could begin the natural healing process. Also
feet were covered with skin and rotting stench if they were removed the bandages.
The pain was relentless, growing nails stuck in the forefoot, and continually harassed the woman.
For these reasons, the feet were always hidden from embroidered silk shoes.
A quei tempi, quando una donna si sposava, la prima cosa che la famiglia dello sposo faceva, era esaminarle i piedi.
Si riteneva che i piedi grandi, cioè normali, fossero da disprezzare e disapprovare, e che portassero disonore.
Questa barbara usanza era in uso da un migliaio di anni, e andò piano piano scomparendo, iniziando il suo declino proprio negli anni in cui la nonna dell’autrice, fu sottoposta invece al supplizio.
Sono gli anni del rovesciamento dell’Impero, in cui i signori della guerra rappresentavano un reale potere, basato sulla forza dei loro eserciti, e che governavano regioni intere del vasto territorio cinese.
La famiglia della nonna vede quindi willingly to the request of the powerful Xue Zhi-heng, who in fact will become police chief in the government of warlords in Beijing.
The role of the concubine grandmother continued, even after being left alone by his lord and master, working elsewhere in its political and military events.
His life, in the social context from which it is isolated, in a sort of gilded cage, winding in solitude, but available to him then, after six long years back from her.
The new meeting between the two, after so long, is the prelude to the birth of a daughter, Bao Qin call, the mother of the author.
Meanwhile, Chinese society witnesses the unification of most of the territory sotto Chiang Kai-Shek , grazie alla struttura politica del kuomintang , e alla contemporanea invasione giapponese della Cina, a partire dalla Manciuria.
Alla morte del generale Xue, la nonna si trasferisce con la figlia e conosce un medico, il Dr. Xia, con il quale poi si sposa.
La sua nuova vita inizia a Jinzhou, dove la coppia decide di stabilirsi.
In Manciuria si supponeva di vivere in uno stato indipendente, nonostante l’occupazione giapponese, la quale tramite le istituzioni scolastiche, tra l’altro, diffondeva l’idea che il Paese (il Manchukuo) confinasse con due Republic of China, a hostile, led by Chiang Kai-shek, and another friend, headed by Wang Jing-wei (a puppet of the Japanese who ruled part of China). None
inculcated to the young the concept of a "China" which was part of Manchuria.
The teachers said that Manchukuo was a paradise on earth, but this was only true for Japanese children, who might have them in private schools with educational materials available, well heated, with polished floors and clean windows, while Chinese children were rated as only schools old temples abandoned, dilapidated houses or private gift, hardly ever heated.
Corporal punishment were part of the tradition Japan and the children were then beaten with sticks on the head.
When Chinese children (and often adults) met a Japanese man in the street, had to bow and give way, and not uncommon for Japanese children stopped to slap the Chinese without any other reason than to assert their superiority.
The practice consisted in the winding around a foot long piece of cloth a few feet, bending all the fingers down (except the big toe) and under the sole of the foot.
Then it was necessary to crush the arch of the foot by a large stone.
The unfortunate women usually fainted and screamed for the excruciating pain they felt during this inhumane treatment, which lasted for several years, even after the bones had been broken.
The feet also had to be wrapped day and night to prevent freed, could begin the natural healing process. Also
feet were covered with skin and rotting stench if they were removed the bandages.
The pain was relentless, growing nails stuck in the forefoot, and continually harassed the woman.
For these reasons, the feet were always hidden from embroidered silk shoes.
A quei tempi, quando una donna si sposava, la prima cosa che la famiglia dello sposo faceva, era esaminarle i piedi.
Si riteneva che i piedi grandi, cioè normali, fossero da disprezzare e disapprovare, e che portassero disonore. Questa barbara usanza era in uso da un migliaio di anni, e andò piano piano scomparendo, iniziando il suo declino proprio negli anni in cui la nonna dell’autrice, fu sottoposta invece al supplizio.
Sono gli anni del rovesciamento dell’Impero, in cui i signori della guerra rappresentavano un reale potere, basato sulla forza dei loro eserciti, e che governavano regioni intere del vasto territorio cinese.
La famiglia della nonna vede quindi willingly to the request of the powerful Xue Zhi-heng, who in fact will become police chief in the government of warlords in Beijing.
The role of the concubine grandmother continued, even after being left alone by his lord and master, working elsewhere in its political and military events.
His life, in the social context from which it is isolated, in a sort of gilded cage, winding in solitude, but available to him then, after six long years back from her.
The new meeting between the two, after so long, is the prelude to the birth of a daughter, Bao Qin call, the mother of the author.
Meanwhile, Chinese society witnesses the unification of most of the territory sotto Chiang Kai-Shek , grazie alla struttura politica del kuomintang , e alla contemporanea invasione giapponese della Cina, a partire dalla Manciuria.
Alla morte del generale Xue, la nonna si trasferisce con la figlia e conosce un medico, il Dr. Xia, con il quale poi si sposa.
La sua nuova vita inizia a Jinzhou, dove la coppia decide di stabilirsi.
In Manciuria si supponeva di vivere in uno stato indipendente, nonostante l’occupazione giapponese, la quale tramite le istituzioni scolastiche, tra l’altro, diffondeva l’idea che il Paese (il Manchukuo) confinasse con due Republic of China, a hostile, led by Chiang Kai-shek, and another friend, headed by Wang Jing-wei (a puppet of the Japanese who ruled part of China). None
inculcated to the young the concept of a "China" which was part of Manchuria.
The teachers said that Manchukuo was a paradise on earth, but this was only true for Japanese children, who might have them in private schools with educational materials available, well heated, with polished floors and clean windows, while Chinese children were rated as only schools old temples abandoned, dilapidated houses or private gift, hardly ever heated.
Corporal punishment were part of the tradition Japan and the children were then beaten with sticks on the head.
When Chinese children (and often adults) met a Japanese man in the street, had to bow and give way, and not uncommon for Japanese children stopped to slap the Chinese without any other reason than to assert their superiority.
In the vast expanses of northern Manchuria Chinese villages were burned and survivors gathered in "rural settlements policy."
Over five million people (one sixth of the population) lost their home, and the dead were tens of thousands.
The Chinese emperor, Pu Yi's first virtual prisoner of the Japanese, was expressed by referring to them as "friendly neighboring country", then as a "sister nation" and finally as "motherland".
In the 40s the Japanese army was engaged on many fronts, including China, Southeast Asia and the Pacific Ocean, so he began to recruit for labor also Chinese women, of course, forcing them to bend with harassment to their interests. The author's mother lived
firsthand these vicissitudes and witnessed how the Japanese tried di sradicare le tradizioni locali per sostituirle con quelle più vicine alle terre del “Sol levante”.
Le notizie erano censurate e la radio trasmetteva solamente propaganda ma nonostante ciò iniziarono a trapelare alcune notizie sulle difficoltà in cui versava il Giappone, specie dopo la resa di uno dei suoi alleati, l’Italia, nel 1943.
La situazione trascese, e gli episodi di intolleranza da parte dei giapponesi sfociarono in episodi quotidiani di torture e uccisioni di cinesi, individuati come bersagli della loro furia di onnipotenza.
Nel 1945 si sparse a Jinzhou la notizia che la Germania si era arresa e che la guerra in Europa era finita.
I bombardieri americani B-29 bombardavano le città della Manciuria and spread the feeling that soon Japan would be defeated.
On August 9, Soviet troops entered the Manchukuo and Mongolia.
the next few days they began to find bodies of Japanese lynched by the crowd, too long oppressed, and many of them committed suicide.
The Red Army was spreading like wildfire, multiplying the garrisons and freeing each area by the Japanese.
The Russians, however, also brought new problems.
It was their habit to dismantle even entire factories, to send the materials to the Soviet Union, or enter homes and seize anything that might be of interest to them.
the growing number of rapes and violence against women, and areas "liberated" began to boil with rage.
began reactions, both the communists that the Kuomintang, who with their operations resumed groped to bully each other in order to seize power.
the Kuomintang led by Chiang Kai-shek, enjoyed the support of Americans who will give them air support.
landed in northern China more than fifty thousand U.S. marines, who occupied Beijing and Tianjin.
The Russians officially recognized as the Kuomintang government of China.
The Red Army withdrew from Manchuria, leaving only the Chinese Communists led by Mao Zedong, the control of the city. The
Policy Mao planned to leave town, taking over the countryside, to enable then to surround and seize them.
Over five million people (one sixth of the population) lost their home, and the dead were tens of thousands.
The Chinese emperor, Pu Yi's first virtual prisoner of the Japanese, was expressed by referring to them as "friendly neighboring country", then as a "sister nation" and finally as "motherland".
In the 40s the Japanese army was engaged on many fronts, including China, Southeast Asia and the Pacific Ocean, so he began to recruit for labor also Chinese women, of course, forcing them to bend with harassment to their interests. The author's mother lived
firsthand these vicissitudes and witnessed how the Japanese tried di sradicare le tradizioni locali per sostituirle con quelle più vicine alle terre del “Sol levante”.
Le notizie erano censurate e la radio trasmetteva solamente propaganda ma nonostante ciò iniziarono a trapelare alcune notizie sulle difficoltà in cui versava il Giappone, specie dopo la resa di uno dei suoi alleati, l’Italia, nel 1943.
La situazione trascese, e gli episodi di intolleranza da parte dei giapponesi sfociarono in episodi quotidiani di torture e uccisioni di cinesi, individuati come bersagli della loro furia di onnipotenza.
Nel 1945 si sparse a Jinzhou la notizia che la Germania si era arresa e che la guerra in Europa era finita.
I bombardieri americani B-29 bombardavano le città della Manciuria and spread the feeling that soon Japan would be defeated.
On August 9, Soviet troops entered the Manchukuo and Mongolia.
the next few days they began to find bodies of Japanese lynched by the crowd, too long oppressed, and many of them committed suicide.
The Red Army was spreading like wildfire, multiplying the garrisons and freeing each area by the Japanese.
The Russians, however, also brought new problems.
It was their habit to dismantle even entire factories, to send the materials to the Soviet Union, or enter homes and seize anything that might be of interest to them.
the growing number of rapes and violence against women, and areas "liberated" began to boil with rage.
began reactions, both the communists that the Kuomintang, who with their operations resumed groped to bully each other in order to seize power.
the Kuomintang led by Chiang Kai-shek, enjoyed the support of Americans who will give them air support.
landed in northern China more than fifty thousand U.S. marines, who occupied Beijing and Tianjin.
The Russians officially recognized as the Kuomintang government of China.
The Red Army withdrew from Manchuria, leaving only the Chinese Communists led by Mao Zedong, the control of the city. The
Policy Mao planned to leave town, taking over the countryside, to enable then to surround and seize them.
In Jinzhou, the town where my mother lived, the Communists and then left the area, withdrawing, and allowing a new army to settle in it.
triumphantly entered the Kuomintang, and his soldiers showed up dressed like a real army, with clean uniforms and shiny brand-new American weapons.
The author says that her grandmother thought that the Kuomintang would finally restored law and order, ensuring peace.
La disillusione però fece presto capolino tra gli abitanti, non appena gli ufficiali del kuomintang iniziarono a rivolgersi loro come a “schiavi che non avete una terra vostra”, oppure come a “schiavi del Giappone”.
Inoltre la corruzione divenne tanto diffusa che Chiang Kai-shek dovette costituire un organismo speciale per combatterla.
I taglieggiamenti erano all’ordine del giorno e a chi si opponeva veniva contestato di essere comunista, accusa per la quale erano previsti l’arresto e la tortura.
La realtà che si percepiva era quella che fosse necessario un nuovo cambiamento, più radicale, per eliminare tutte queste ingiustizie, compresa l’impotenza delle donne, and the barbarism of certain traditions, for example, concubinage, and looked for this in Chinese minds the idea that one political party could bring to pass a radical and substantial change, the communist one.
The harassment of the Kuomintang took proportions that they approached a paroxysmal fury, and the new holders of power start a "witch hunt" that made extensive use of torture and physical violence.
began a period of vigorous crackdowns, looking for opponents, the Communists, former supporters of the Japanese, and the charges often result in summary execution. The positions of the Kuomintang
terrorist sympathies favored the revival of the opposition announced that, secretly, he gathered followers and support.
The situation gradually led to military attacks of the communists towards the city, after a siege of more or less long, they began to capitulate.
The bombing created the openings through which Communist troops flowed into the city, conquered. A
Jinzhou the siege lasted 31 hours, caused el'estenuante battle twenty thousand casualties among soldiers of the Kuomintang, and eighty thousand others were captured.
In this context, the author's mother knew what was to become her husband, and would have generated, in fact, Jung Chang, and his brothers.
The beginnings of the new conquerors were geared to solicit the goodwill of the population, and the favor of those who might become allies to counteract any reprisals or retaliation of the Kuomintang, as well as possible attempts to regain power.
There was no looting or rapes, and offices and schools were reopened, although the streets were still littered with corpses.
reopen the banks and the supply of electricity and drinking water, and went back to work the railroads. The author tried
mother suffered a desire to devote himself to the revolution and the communist cause, eager to be shared.
He brought about the appointment to head organization of the youth movement, a companion Wang Yu, who became the father of Jung.
Their love story was born, grew, and grew increasingly in a context interpreter that he saw as the main ideology of the party and its prerogatives, leaving the two love a role that became marginal compared to the priority of the revolution.
emotions, emotional outbursts, coexistence, mutual aid, they were interpreted, especially by him, incorruptible idealist, as a symptom of bourgeois decadence to be fought.
Cohabitation was not possible as we understand it, continues over time, lived every day as it was considered an expression of bourgeois decadence, as each personal appearance della vita doveva essere considerato politico.
Per questo motivo i funzionari statali, come lei, dovevano dormire in ufficio, salvo il sabato sera, come segno di una riorganizzazione radicale non solo delle istituzioni ma anche della società.
triumphantly entered the Kuomintang, and his soldiers showed up dressed like a real army, with clean uniforms and shiny brand-new American weapons.
The author says that her grandmother thought that the Kuomintang would finally restored law and order, ensuring peace.
La disillusione però fece presto capolino tra gli abitanti, non appena gli ufficiali del kuomintang iniziarono a rivolgersi loro come a “schiavi che non avete una terra vostra”, oppure come a “schiavi del Giappone”.
Inoltre la corruzione divenne tanto diffusa che Chiang Kai-shek dovette costituire un organismo speciale per combatterla.
I taglieggiamenti erano all’ordine del giorno e a chi si opponeva veniva contestato di essere comunista, accusa per la quale erano previsti l’arresto e la tortura.
La realtà che si percepiva era quella che fosse necessario un nuovo cambiamento, più radicale, per eliminare tutte queste ingiustizie, compresa l’impotenza delle donne, and the barbarism of certain traditions, for example, concubinage, and looked for this in Chinese minds the idea that one political party could bring to pass a radical and substantial change, the communist one.
The harassment of the Kuomintang took proportions that they approached a paroxysmal fury, and the new holders of power start a "witch hunt" that made extensive use of torture and physical violence.
began a period of vigorous crackdowns, looking for opponents, the Communists, former supporters of the Japanese, and the charges often result in summary execution. The positions of the Kuomintang
terrorist sympathies favored the revival of the opposition announced that, secretly, he gathered followers and support.
The situation gradually led to military attacks of the communists towards the city, after a siege of more or less long, they began to capitulate.
The bombing created the openings through which Communist troops flowed into the city, conquered. A
Jinzhou the siege lasted 31 hours, caused el'estenuante battle twenty thousand casualties among soldiers of the Kuomintang, and eighty thousand others were captured.
In this context, the author's mother knew what was to become her husband, and would have generated, in fact, Jung Chang, and his brothers.
The beginnings of the new conquerors were geared to solicit the goodwill of the population, and the favor of those who might become allies to counteract any reprisals or retaliation of the Kuomintang, as well as possible attempts to regain power.
There was no looting or rapes, and offices and schools were reopened, although the streets were still littered with corpses.
reopen the banks and the supply of electricity and drinking water, and went back to work the railroads. The author tried
mother suffered a desire to devote himself to the revolution and the communist cause, eager to be shared.
He brought about the appointment to head organization of the youth movement, a companion Wang Yu, who became the father of Jung.
Their love story was born, grew, and grew increasingly in a context interpreter that he saw as the main ideology of the party and its prerogatives, leaving the two love a role that became marginal compared to the priority of the revolution.
emotions, emotional outbursts, coexistence, mutual aid, they were interpreted, especially by him, incorruptible idealist, as a symptom of bourgeois decadence to be fought.
Cohabitation was not possible as we understand it, continues over time, lived every day as it was considered an expression of bourgeois decadence, as each personal appearance della vita doveva essere considerato politico.
Per questo motivo i funzionari statali, come lei, dovevano dormire in ufficio, salvo il sabato sera, come segno di una riorganizzazione radicale non solo delle istituzioni ma anche della società.
Era quindi un passo necessario per raggiungere gli obiettivi della rivoluzione, e comunque molti dei valori tradizionali precedenti erano ormai osteggiati e puniti, durante le assemblee di autocritica verbale che quotidianamente si tenevano dappertutto.
Bastava dimostrarsi appena affettuosi con il consorte, per essere accusati di aver messo l’amore al primo posto anziché la rivoluzione.
La madre dell’autrice, nonostante la giovane età (diciotto anni) e il matrimonio, si sentiva infelice, confusa e isolata.
Il marito era l’impersonificazione del partito e non prendeva mai posizione per schierarsi con lei su qualsiasi aspetto della vita quotidiana, ma addiceva sempre pretestuose argomentazioni che riconducevano alle direttive di una rivoluzione traboccante di suggerimenti.
Una piccola gentilezza, così come l’indossare un vestitino dissimile dalla solita uniforme grigia da rivoluzionaria, oppure la richiesta di un aiuto in condizioni magari di stanchezza, o il pianto, erano considerati come oggetto di critica.
Nonostante le privazioni, la spersonalizzazione delle coscienze e degli individui, quando Mao annunciò la fondazione della Repubblica Popolare Cinese, lei si mise a piangere come una bambina : finalmente, dopo il dominio Giapponesi, dopo la tirannia del kuomintang, era nata la Cina che aveva sempre sognato, e a cui avrebbe potuto consacrare il suo cuore e la sua anima.
La guerra civile in Cina tra comunisti e kuomintang era ben lungi però dall’essere terminata e Wang Yu, seguendo le direttive del Partito, doveva occuparsi del comando della guerriglia nei territori in cui la situazione era incerta e difficile.
Fu così che si trasferirono spesso finendo per attraversare mezza Cina, e finalmente trovarono un periodo di stabilità nella vecchia città Christmas with him, ybin.
you in the meantime, after an abortion, was pregnant, but this was not enough to organize themselves into some details that would have made life easier.
He summoned his mother, my grandmother, but was violently criticized for his bourgeois attitude, until my father asked her to send them back.
Revolution forbade cooking at home, because everyone had to eat at the table of public, and the rule was true for everyone.
My grandmother had made the new outfits for the baby, but was even more harshly criticized for its bourgeois habits.
The same practice to wash every day was opposed, because the cleaning was considered anti-proletarian.
During periods of warfare, it was competing to see who had more insect-revolutionaries, the lice.
All intrusions, and its many facets, the privacy of individuals were part of a project known as " thought reform."
The founder, Mao, tended to the achievement of this objective liability to the total of all thoughts.
Weekly meetings were held devoted to an examination of thought, in which everyone had to criticize yourself for your thoughts and submit to unfair criticism of others.
The meetings tended to be dominated by petty and opinionated people believe to be right, that if the occasion to give vent to their frustration and envy, in particular the people of the country used to attack those who had origins "bourgeois."
The book continues, recounting the many contradictions inherent in the program of the Maoist revolution of society, through agrarian reform, which caused 30 million deaths , and continuing into the cultural revolution, eliminating all forms of culture in China for ten of years and put the country back 50 years.
Bastava dimostrarsi appena affettuosi con il consorte, per essere accusati di aver messo l’amore al primo posto anziché la rivoluzione.
La madre dell’autrice, nonostante la giovane età (diciotto anni) e il matrimonio, si sentiva infelice, confusa e isolata.
Il marito era l’impersonificazione del partito e non prendeva mai posizione per schierarsi con lei su qualsiasi aspetto della vita quotidiana, ma addiceva sempre pretestuose argomentazioni che riconducevano alle direttive di una rivoluzione traboccante di suggerimenti.
Una piccola gentilezza, così come l’indossare un vestitino dissimile dalla solita uniforme grigia da rivoluzionaria, oppure la richiesta di un aiuto in condizioni magari di stanchezza, o il pianto, erano considerati come oggetto di critica.
Nonostante le privazioni, la spersonalizzazione delle coscienze e degli individui, quando Mao annunciò la fondazione della Repubblica Popolare Cinese, lei si mise a piangere come una bambina : finalmente, dopo il dominio Giapponesi, dopo la tirannia del kuomintang, era nata la Cina che aveva sempre sognato, e a cui avrebbe potuto consacrare il suo cuore e la sua anima.
La guerra civile in Cina tra comunisti e kuomintang era ben lungi però dall’essere terminata e Wang Yu, seguendo le direttive del Partito, doveva occuparsi del comando della guerriglia nei territori in cui la situazione era incerta e difficile. Fu così che si trasferirono spesso finendo per attraversare mezza Cina, e finalmente trovarono un periodo di stabilità nella vecchia città Christmas with him, ybin.
you in the meantime, after an abortion, was pregnant, but this was not enough to organize themselves into some details that would have made life easier.
He summoned his mother, my grandmother, but was violently criticized for his bourgeois attitude, until my father asked her to send them back.
Revolution forbade cooking at home, because everyone had to eat at the table of public, and the rule was true for everyone.
My grandmother had made the new outfits for the baby, but was even more harshly criticized for its bourgeois habits.
The same practice to wash every day was opposed, because the cleaning was considered anti-proletarian.
During periods of warfare, it was competing to see who had more insect-revolutionaries, the lice.
All intrusions, and its many facets, the privacy of individuals were part of a project known as " thought reform."
The founder, Mao, tended to the achievement of this objective liability to the total of all thoughts.
Weekly meetings were held devoted to an examination of thought, in which everyone had to criticize yourself for your thoughts and submit to unfair criticism of others.
The meetings tended to be dominated by petty and opinionated people believe to be right, that if the occasion to give vent to their frustration and envy, in particular the people of the country used to attack those who had origins "bourgeois."
The book continues, recounting the many contradictions inherent in the program of the Maoist revolution of society, through agrarian reform, which caused 30 million deaths , and continuing into the cultural revolution, eliminating all forms of culture in China for ten of years and put the country back 50 years.
The mother first, and the author later were part of a plan that had to interpret their wishes, but that long, intimate, argued fervently on behalf of an ideal they believed and a leader to which they referred, like millions of other Chinese like them.
The "Great Helmsman" Mao as he used to be called, knowingly committed a series of atrocities, including establishing a social climate of terror, through the establishment of the Red Guards and the invitation addressed to them to "destroy the four old" means old ideas, old culture, old traditions and old habits.
Mao's wife, also played a role fierce during the "Cultural Revolution " stating that the houses had to loot and destroy the treasures of the collections private, paintings and essays, and especially burn all the existing books.
The museums were looted as well, destroyed the tombs, pagodas and temples under assault, with the approval of Mao, which supported the work of the Red Guards, ostentatiously.
Composed mostly of young, Mao's Red Guards were to sow the fertile ground on which an ideal instrument of tyranny, cultivating it with incitement to violence and ideological fanaticism.
fervent bands of young communists put on fire the schools and universities, taking hostage the teachers, guilty of embodying the essence of a hateful power, to destroy, and savagely beat them, tortured them and humiliate them, in all of China.
Nobody wanted to play the role of education for more than ten years, so that, together with huge bonfires of books and volumes of each type, we lost the ancient roots of Chinese culture and tradition.
Destroy to be the only reference then: a bit 'like the Taliban did with statues of Buddha in the Middle East. The witch hunt
again swept everywhere and forever changed the history of China, Mao accomplice, his wife, Jiang Qing and Lin Biao together with a whole host of fierce and ruthless characters who can download the bloated, often in revenge or for speculation, their frustrations on those who, in their eyes, avrebbe potuto insidiare la loro posizione.
Una moltitudine di persone si fece largo nella scalata al potere, o anche solo per ottenere il consolidamento di una comoda posizione, prendendo di mira coloro che magari consideravano come ostacoli.
La società cinese, i comunisti che avevano iniziato la Rivoluzione, combattendo contro i giapponesi e il kuomintang, oppure gli intellettuali, o semplicemente coloro che avevano ancora un residuo di capacità di sintesi intellettiva, iniziarono a nutrire qualche dubbio sulla figura di Mao, e di come il comunismo aveva trasformato le loro famiglie, e la società stessa.
La cieca e irresponsabile, per non dire criminale, politica maoista dopo aver svelato il suo volto in decenni di catastrofi umanitarie, finalmente trova riscontro solo in affermazioni di autentica criticità e di biasimo universale.
I cinesi stessi, che per generazioni hanno guardato a lui come un faro che illumina il percorso da seguire, hanno finalmente capito che Mao e sua moglie sono stati due pazzi criminali, malati di mente, avidi di un potere corrotto da un’ambizione smisurata, e simili, nella sostanza ad Hitler ed a Stalin.
L'odio di questa malvagia coppia verso qualsiasi forma di intelligenza e di cultura, ha fatto sprofondare la Cina in un precipizio di terrore e di ignoranza abissali, tagliando i ponti con ogni pur minima considerazione verso la cultura stessa, in tutte le sue manifestazioni, facendo regress the country to the dark medieval times.
Mao's death, took all the Chinese in a time when the company was reviewing the state of things unconsciously, before a clear evidence of social disintegration, with the dictator no longer on a pedestal as a golden in the recent past in which it was identified almost as a deity, but placing it at the level of existential criticism, gutted the undeniable atrocities to which they had undergone.
But the author has been able to really enjoy the true freedom only when he could go, thanks to a scholarship, Great Britain, who became his new home.
instinct is to ask: Of all those fanatical communists in the 60s filled the Italian cities, waving the little red book of Mao, and praising the dictator of China, not because no one has ever escaped into the touted "paradise" Chinese?
The answer is that history is full of "revolutionary Sunday ", and who feeds on ignorance, a fat, swallowed and swallowed up thanks to the indoctrination of some left which, as Mao , do only what suits him.~ ~ ~
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